重组戊型肝炎病毒P179-海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球混悬制剂的制备及其免疫效果

目的 制备吸附重组戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)P179抗原的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球混悬制剂,并观察其免疫效果。方法 乳化法制备海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球,采用不同海藻酸钠浓度、混合乳化剂添加量、混合乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值设计正交试验,确定最佳制备工艺参数。将重组HEV P179抗原吸附在最佳工艺制备的微球表面,制备吸附重组HEV P179的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球混悬制剂,皮下多点免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定其诱导小鼠产生特异性IgG抗体的能力,与同剂量含弗氏佐剂的重组HEV P179免疫制剂对比。结果 经正交试验确定乳化最佳工艺参数为:海藻酸钠质量分数1%、混合乳化剂体积分数2%,混合乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值4。制备的微球平均粒径为6.73 μm(分布范围3.90~9.10 μm,方差1.78 μm),形态较为均一,透射电镜观察结果与双层球体及内部疏松多孔的微球结构特点相符。用此条件制备抗原质量浓度为500 μg/ml的混悬制剂,微球对抗原的吸附率为90.64%。免疫效果观察试验结果表明,皮下多点免疫试验中微球制剂诱导特异性IgG抗体的能力优于含弗氏佐剂抗原。结论 成功制备了吸附重组HEV P179的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球混悬制剂,且诱导产生特异性IgG抗体的能力优于含弗氏佐剂抗原,为其在新型实验动物超敏制剂中的应用奠定了基础。     

SMILE与FS-LASIK术后光学区特性比较

目的：比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术（SMILE）、SCHWIND Amaris1050平台和Wavelight EX500平台的飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（FS-LASIK）单纯近视矫正术后的实际光 学区大小、非球面性和高阶像差。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选取于2018年1月至2019年1月期 间在广州爱尔眼科医院行近视手术矫正患者，根据手术方式和平台分为SMILE组、Amaris1050组 和EX500组；收集患者术后1、3个月光学区直径、Q值、高阶像差等数据，利用Topolyzer术后切线 曲率图（切线法）和Pentacam术前、术后切线曲率差异图（切线差异法）测量光学区直径。3组间光学 区大小、Q值、高阶像差比较采用ANOVA单因素方差分析，多重比较采用Bonferroni法。2种方法 间比较采用配对样本t检验。结果：共纳入91例（113眼），其中SMILE组42眼，Amaris1050组25眼， EX500组46眼。术后3个月，切线法和切线差异法所测光学区直径SMILE组大于Amaris1050组和 EX500组（均P<0.001），分别为（6.90±0.12）mm和（5.17±0.15）mm，（6.58±0.19）mm和（5.00±0.10） mm，（6.56±0.16）mm和（4.86±0.15）mm；Amaris1050 组切线差异法所测光学区大于EX500 组 （P=0.003）。3组切线法光学区测量值大于切线差异法（t=64.836、34.146、63.927，均P<0.001）；角 膜中央5、6 mm范围Q值，SMILE组小于Amaris1050组和EX500组（5 mm：P=0.017、0.013；6 mm： P=0.004、0.005），Amaris1050组和EX500组差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）；6 mm瞳孔直径下，SMILE 组球差小于Amaris1050组和EX500组（P=0.004、0.017），Amaris1050组和EX500组差异无统计学意 义（P=0.793）。结论：SMILE术后实际光学区大于FS-LASIK，非球面形态优于FS-LASIK，引入球差 更少；再者，SMILE和Amaris1050平台切削深度接近，大于EX500，消耗更多角膜组织。     

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路探讨炙甘草汤抗大鼠MIRI致室速和室颤的作用机制

目的:通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路,探讨炙甘草汤干预心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)致心律失常(室速和室颤)的作用及其机制。方法:将72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,炙甘草汤低、中、高剂量组(11.43,22.86,45.72 g·kg~(-1)),稳心颗粒组(2.43 g·kg~(-1)),连续给药干预10 d。末次给药2 h,采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支法制备大鼠MIRI模型,记录心电图的变化。造模成功后采集血液及心脏组织,检测血清中肌酸肌酶(CK),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测心肌肌钙蛋白(CtnI)的含量;免疫组化法检测心肌PI3K,Akt,mTOR的表达;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测心肌自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC-3),自噬标志物Beclin1和PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达及磷酸化p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR的水平。结果:模型组大鼠100%发生室速,91.67%发生室颤;与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清CK,LDH,AST以及CtnI的含量显著升高(P0.01),心肌组织中PI3K,Akt,mTOR表达显著升高(P0.01),LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ与Beclin1的相对表达量显著升高(P0.01),p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,炙甘草汤高剂量组室速、室颤发生率显著降低(P0.01),较其他给药组持续时间短(P0.01);炙甘草汤高剂量组CK,LDH,AST水平及CtnI含量显著降低(P0.01);炙甘草汤给药组的PI3K,Akt,mTOR的表达随剂量的增加而显著降低(P0.01);LC-3,Beclin1的表达随炙甘草汤各剂量组的增加有不同程度地下降(P0.01),而PI3K/Akt/mTOR相关蛋白表达比值明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:炙甘草汤预处理能使异常升高的心肌酶CK,LDH,AST,CtnI降低,抑制细胞的过度自噬,上调PI3K,Akt和mTOR的表达,说明炙甘草汤抗MIRI致心律失常的作用可能与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。     

eIF4EBP3 was downregulated by methylation and acted as a tumor suppressor by targeting eIF4E/β-catenin in gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer - Epigenetic aberrations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly DNA methylation, are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Through a methylome...     

KLHL40基因复合杂合变异导致先天性线状体肌病一例

本文报道了1例KLHL40基因复合杂合突变导致线状体肌病的病例。患儿女,生后即起病,以"气促、肌力、肌张力低"为主要表现,常规治疗后症状加重,体格检查示四肢肌力低、肌张力低,原始反射均未引出;血清肌酸激酶升高。患儿未行肌肉活检。采用全外显子组二代测序证实患儿存在KLHL40基因复合杂合突变,包括c.932G>T(p.R311L)和c.1487T>A(p.M496K),并且分别来源于父母,其中c.932G>T(p.R311L)为已发现的突变位点,c.1487T>A(p.M496K)为新发现的突变位点。线状体肌病是一种罕见的先天性肌肉疾病,肌纤维中发现线状体是特征性肌肉病理改变。病理及基因诊断是诊断线状体肌病的金标准。     

A near-infrared fluorescent pH sensing film for wound milieu pH monitoring

Studies have shown that wound pH is a potentially influential factor in the healing process. Due to the flaws of traditional pH measurement approaches, wound pH measurement has not become part of current standard of care. A near-infrared pH-sensitive ratiometric film was created and characterized for measuring wound pH. This film was fabricated by physically absorbing poly (N-isopropyl Acrylamide) nanoparticles conjugated with pH-sensitive (CypHer5E) and pH-insensitive (Cy7) fluorescent dyes into 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel film. The pH pattern on wounds can be indirectly measured by pressing freshly discarded wound dressing on top of the pH-sensitive film and imaging it. In vitro tests show that the film can accurately and rapidly detect a wide range of pH (from pH 4 to 8) in wound milieu. Further, patient studies showed that, by measuring pH on wound contact side of discarded wound gauze, the pH and its non-homogeneous distribution on wounds can be indirectly determined. By comparing patients with different wound conditions, we find that near-infrared pH sensing film can be used to measure wound exudate pH with high accuracy and efficiency. In addition, wound pH determination can provide an accurate assessment of wound healing activity in real time.     

Prevalence and clinical impact of TP53 germline mutations in Chinese women with breast cancer

The prevalence and clinical relevance of TP53 germline mutations in a large unselected breast cancer series are largely unknown. Here, we determined TP53 germline mutations in a large cohort of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients through multigene panel-based next-generation and/or Sanger sequencing assays. We found that 0.5% of patients (50 cases) carried a pathogenic TP53 germline mutation in this large series of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients, and the prevalence of TP53 germline mutation was 3.8% in very early onset breast cancer (age ≤30 years) in this large cohort. TP53 mutation carriers were significantly more likely to have early onset cancer (p < 0.001) and bilateral breast cancer (p = 0.03), they and were significantly more likely to respond to carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to anthracycline- or taxane-based regimen in terms of pathologic complete response (50% vs. 0%, p = 0.006). At the median follow-up of 54 months, TP53 mutation was an independent unfavorable factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) (RFS, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–4.33, p = 0.02; DRFS, adjusted HR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.41–5.30, p = 0.003; OS, adjusted HR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.26–9.41, p < 0.001) in multivariate analyses. Our study suggested that TP53 germline mutations occur more frequently in very early onset unselected breast cancer patients; and TP53 germline mutation carriers have a very poor survival and may benefit from carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in unselected breast cancer patients.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚含量的方法。方法：采用Shim-pack VP-ODS C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），流动相为乙腈∶水=70∶30，流速1 mL/min，柱温30 ℃，检测激发波长275 nm，发射波长315 nm，外标法定量检测血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚含量。结果：双酚A和4-壬基酚分别在1.45~5 937.50 ng/mL （r2=0.999 9，n=7），1.53~6 250.00 ng/mL（r2=0.998 8，n=7）范围内线性关系良好；日内、日间RSD均<7.83%，方法回收率均>94.6%。结论：本法简便、快速、灵敏、准确，适用于同时测定性早熟女童血浆中双酚A和4-壬基酚的含量和临床血样常规检测。